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KMID : 1040920210060000130
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Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique
2021 Volume.6 No. 0 p.130 ~ p.156
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Expanded Indications of Full Endoscopic Spine Sugery
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Krishnan Ajay
Kim Hyeun-Sung
Raj Aditya
Dave Bharat R.
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Abstract
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Treatment of spine surgeries has evolved from traditional surgeries to open surgeries. Endoscopic spine surgeries (ESS) and endoscope assisted surgeries along with microscopic and tubular surgeries has developed significantly over the last three decades. With improvement in the diagnostic methods it is now possible to find and differentiate the spinal pathologies. ESS was initially limited to the lumbar disc herniations (DH). But, now it can be used for cervical and thoracic DH. Minimized technical problems has been brought by evolutions in endoscopy, better optics, instruments, access, and safety. Similarly acquired knowledge and skills are being extrapolated to advanced indications in different spinal pathologies. Due to the further advantages of ESS within the ambit of minimal invasive spine surgeries, many misnomers are as well getting added. This confuses the new learners and potential patients as well. ESS should be classified for uniformity in reporting and common nomenclature like FESS (Full endoscopic spine surgery) should be used. It specifically refers to surgery through one working channel under irrigation with incorporated optics. This will make easier understanding for novice surgeons and general population. It will lead to standardised reporting of high quality clinical studies, trials, and meta-analysis for the publications. Rising misnomers and complex nomenclature of endoscopy is suggesting along with the exponential publications in last decade that ESS is entering into its golden era. This review is undertaken to throw light on the techniques, advances and literature review of only FESS and clear the misnomers. This review also describes the evolution of different techniques and goals that led to impeccable advances in the field of FESS. Further improvement of technologies and techniques in future will soon establish FESS as the Gold Standard in spine surgery.
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KEYWORD
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Full Endoscopy, Spine, Surgery, Working Channel, Lumbar, Cervical, Thoracic, Sacral
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